Broaching-to risk rises when wave celerity c exceeds 1.8·V_ship AND wave length is 1–3 × LBP.
Formula
$$ c = \sqrt{\tfrac{g \lambda}{2\pi}} $$
Symbol legend
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| $c$ | Deep-water wave celerity | m/s | derived |
| $λ$ | Wave length | m | input |
| $V$ | Ship speed | m/s | derived |
Sources
- IMO MSC.1/Circ.1228.