Rhine / Danube / Mississippi / Yangtze barges and push-boats. Outside IMO CII (inland waterway exemption) but regulated nationally - CCNR Stage V in EU; EPA Tier 4 in US.
Formula
$$ \text{CO}2^\text{year} = \sum_j F_j \cdot C{f,j} $$
$$ \text{Intensity} = \frac{\text{CO}_2 \cdot 10^6}{\text{t}\cdot\text{km}} $$
Symbol legend
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| $F_j$ | Mass of fuel $j$ | t | bunker log |
| $C_{f,j}$ | CO₂ factor | t CO₂ / t fuel | MEPC.364(79) |
| $Bench (Tonne-kilometres transported / year)$ | operational benchmark | t·km | operations log |
| $d_\text{op}$ | Operating days | d | operations log |
Inland waterway transport averages 25–40 g CO₂/t·km, already cleaner per t·km than truck (65–80) but higher than rail (15–20). Shore-power and biodiesel blends are the common levers.
Sources
- CCNR - Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine.
- IMO MEPC.364(79) - Cf conversion factors.