Approximate time to cool tank structure from ambient to −162 °C using LNG spray injection.
Formula
$$ t = \frac{m \cdot c_p \cdot \Delta T}{\eta \cdot \dot m_\text{spray} \cdot h_{fg}} $$
Symbol legend
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| $m$ | Tank mass to cool | t | structure + piping |
| $c_p$ | Specific heat of steel | kJ/(kg·K) | material property |
| $ΔT$ | Temperature drop | K | ambient − LNG |
| $\dot m_\text{spray}$ | Spray flow | t/h | pump rating |
| $η$ | Spray efficiency (not all heats metal) | - | empirical |
Sources
- SIGTTO - Cargo Operations.