Appendage resistance R_APP from Holtrop-Mennen method - typically 3–8 % of bare-hull resistance for merchant ships with bilge keels, rudder, shaft brackets.
Formula
$$ R_{APP} = R_F \cdot ((1 + k_2) - 1) $$Symbol legend
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| $R_F$ | Bare-hull frictional resistance | kN | ITTC 1957 + hull area |
| $1+k_2$ | Appendage form factor | - | Holtrop Table |
Sources
- Holtrop J. - ISP 1984.