Annual EU Allowances (EUAs) a ship must surrender.
Formula
$$ \text{EUA} = \left(\text{CO}{2e}^\text{intra} + 0.5 \cdot \text{CO}{2e}^\text{extra}\right) \cdot \phi $$
Symbol legend
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| $EUA$ | Allowances surrendered | t CO₂e | result |
| $\text{CO}_{2e}^\text{intra}$ | Emissions on intra-EEA voyages + at-berth | t CO₂e | EU MRV |
| $\text{CO}_{2e}^\text{extra}$ | Emissions on EU↔non-EU voyages | t CO₂e | EU MRV |
| $0.5$ | Extra-EEA scope factor | - | Dir. 2023/959 Art. 3ga |
| $\phi$ | Phase-in: 0.40 (2024), 0.70 (2025), 1.00 (2026+) | - | Dir. 2023/959 |
Gas coverage
- 2024–2025: CO₂ only.
- 2026+: CO₂ + CH₄ + N₂O (GWP100).
Sources
- Directive (EU) 2023/959 - maritime EU ETS inclusion.
- Regulation (EU) 2015/757 - MRV (data source).