Tug Bollard Pull - Port Selection
Required bollard pull for assisting a ship at a port - a function of DWT and wind area.
Required BP per tug
27t
Formula, assumptions, and limits
$$BP = \max(DWT / 3000, A_{lat} / 200)$$
Rough screening - actual port authority rules vary. VLCC 80 t BP tugs x2–3. Cruise ships 40–60 t. Container feeder 30 t. Escort duty needs certification above normal harbour duty.
Symbol legend
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| $BP$ | Bollard pull | t | tug cert |
| $A_{lat}$ | Lateral projected area | m² | GA |
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