Battery packs displace aux-engine running by absorbing load peaks and filling load troughs with steady generator output. Net saving depends on aux SFOC curve shape and round-trip battery efficiency - typically 5–12 % of aux fuel on well-sized installations.
DesignHybridBattery
Operating profile
Battery spec
Fuel
Fuel saved / year
8.1t
CO₂ avoided / year
26.0t
Formula, assumptions, and limits
Peak-shaving saves the SFOC gap between running gensets at partial vs average load. E_batt is the annual kWh cycled through the battery (capacity × cycles × 365). Round-trip efficiency dilutes the benefit.