HomeCalculatorsWave Steepness - Encounter Limit

Wave Steepness - Encounter Limit

Maximum wave steepness (H/λ) that a ship can encounter without breaking-wave slamming - operational limit for heavy weather routing.

Wave steepnessEncounterLimit
Wavelength
126.5m
H/λ
0.047 -
Assessment
Moderate
Formula, assumptions, and limits

Miche breaking criterion H/λ > 1/7 = 0.143. Young storm seas H/λ = 0.08–0.12; fully developed 0.05–0.08. Breaking waves cause major green-water and slamming damage.

Symbol legend

SymbolMeaningUnitSource
Significant wave heightmmetocean data
Zero-upcrossing periodsspectrum
Wavelength (deep water)mdispersion