Air Resistance - Above-Water Drag
Air resistance force on above-water superstructure given projected frontal area, drag coefficient, and relative wind speed.
Air resistance
71.7kN
Formula, assumptions, and limits
C_D ≈ 0.8 for containerships, 0.6 tankers, 0.7 bulker. Full OCIMF/Isherwood windage model uses heading-dependent C_D(X,Y,N). Typical at 15 m/s wind ≈ 5 % of total resistance.
Symbol legend
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drag coefficient | - | OCIMF / Isherwood | |
| Frontal projected area | m² | GA drawing | |
| Relative wind | m/s | anemometer |