Rudder Normal Force - Class Formula
Rudder normal-force per typical classification-society rule - F_N = 132·A·v²·κ for full-spade rudders.
Rudder normal force
489kN
Formula, assumptions, and limits
$$F_N = 132 \cdot A_R \cdot v^2 \cdot \kappa$$
Uses service speed v in m/s. κ = 1.0 NACA section, 1.10 HO profile, 1.35 fish-tail. Astern condition computed separately with different κ.
Symbol legend
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| $A_R$ | Rudder area | m² | rudder drawing |
| $v$ | Service speed | m/s | ship particulars |
| $\kappa$ | Profile coefficient | - | class rule table |
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