Three-Regime Cost Bridge (IMO + EU ETS + FuelEU)
Combined annual compliance cost across IMO (CII corrective-plan exposure), EU ETS (EUA surrender), and FuelEU Maritime (EUR 2,400/t VLSFO-eq deficit). The single number that matters to treasurers budgeting regulatory risk.
EU ETS
FuelEU
IMO CII
EU ETS liability
595,000EUR
FuelEU penalty
360,000EUR
IMO CII cost
0USD
Combined annual cost
955,000EUR-equiv
Formula, assumptions, and limits
USD/EUR conversion applied for combined output (1 EUR = 1.09 USD). The three regimes stack independently - a zero-Cf RFNBO fuel only cuts ETS and FuelEU; CII remains a function of total ship-side CO₂ regardless of fuel source.