Formaldehyde / Hydrocarbons - Dual-Fuel
Secondary pollutants from LNG Otto-cycle and other dual-fuel engines. Formaldehyde forms in cold-spots of lean-burn combustion; total unburned-hydrocarbon mass drops with better combustion tuning.
Annual HCHO
7,200kg
Formula and assumptions
Formaldehyde is the dominant HC species from incomplete combustion in lean-burn dual-fuel engines. California CARB's marine HC limits include HCHO as a criterion pollutant at berth. IMO does not yet regulate HCHO directly for open-sea operation but port authorities increasingly do.
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