Excess Air Factor λ from Exhaust O₂
Back-calculate λ = AFR / AFR_stoich from measured exhaust-gas oxygen percentage.
Excess air factor λ
2.33 -
Formula, assumptions, and limits
Simplified dry-basis formula valid for hydrocarbon fuels with negligible fuel-bound oxygen. Marine diesels run λ 2.0–3.5 at full load → exhaust O₂ 10–15 %. Boilers target λ ≈ 1.15–1.25 → O₂ 3–4 %.
Symbol legend
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oxygen in dry exhaust | % v/v | portable analyser / CEMS | |
| Excess-air factor | - | result |