Boiler Water - Hardness
Boiler water hardness control - ≤ 2 ppm CaCO₃ for auxiliary boilers.
Action
Acceptable
Formula, assumptions, and limits
Scale on tube surfaces → reduced heat transfer + localised overheating. Daily chemistry: hardness, pH (10-11.5), phosphate reserve, conductivity < 300 µS/cm.
Symbol legend
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total hardness | ppm CaCO₃ | titration |